tugas Quantum

TASK I: Wave Analysis
Anjar Sari (1017016300991)
Physic Education V

WAVE

Energy can be transmitted from one place to another in a variety of ways. Suppose we wish supply energy to about in the center of a lake from a position on the sheer, with the provision that the precise from in which the energy arrives does not matter.
A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with transference of energy. A mechanical wave is a wave that propagates or travels through a medium due to the restoring forces it produces upon deformation. There also exist waves capable of traveling through a vacuum, including electromagnetic radiation and probably gravitational radiation.
1. DEFINITIONS
Agreeing on a single, all-encompassing definition for the term wave is non-trivial. A vibration can be defined as a back-and-forth motion around a reference value. However, a vibration is not necessarily a wave. Defining the necessary and sufficient characteristics that qualify a phenomenon to be called a wave is, at least, flexible.
The term is often understood intuitively as the transport of disturbances in space, not associated with motion of the medium occupying this space as a whole. In a wave, the energy of a vibration is moving away from the source in the form of a disturbance within the surrounding medium .However, this notion is problematic for a standing wave (for example, a wave on a string), where energy is moving in both directions equally, or for electromagnetic / light waves in a vacuum, where the concept of medium does not apply. There are water waves in the ocean; light waves from the sun; microwaves inside the microwave oven; radio waves transmitted to the radio; and sound waves from the radio, telephone, and voices.
It may be seen that the description of waves is accompanied by a heavy reliance on physical origin when describing any specific instance of a wave process. For example, acoustics is distinguished from optics in that sound waves are related to a mechanical rather than an electromagnetic wave-like transfer / transformation of vibratory energy. Concepts such as mass, momentum, inertia, or elasticity, become therefore crucial in describing acoustic (as distinct from optic) wave processes. This difference in origin introduces certain wave characteristics particular to the properties of the medium involved.
2. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION

Four related quantities are useful in describing periodic waves:
1. the waves velocity V, which is the distance through which each waves moves per second
2. the waves length (Greek letter lambda), which is the distance between adjacent crests or troughs
3. the frequency f which is the number of waves that pass a given point second
4. the amplitude A of a waves refer to the maximum displacement from the normal position of the particles which oscillate back and forta as the waves travels by

A wave is represented mathematically by a variation in some quantity that is described as a function of both position and time. For a transverse wave on a guitar string, the function specifies the displacement of each point on the string from its equilibrium position. If the string is oriented a long the x-axis and the displacement of any point the string in the ± y-dissection, the waves is described by a function of two variables y (x,t).
Two analyze the standing waves mathematically, we represent the two waves by:


Hence the resultant my be written



In a periodic wave one pulse follows another in regular succession. Sound waves, water waves, and light waves are almost always periodic although in each care a different quantity waves as the waves passer
At any given point, the waves repents is tell after a time T called the periodic. The inverse of periodic is the frequency f.
(is unit Hz = s-1)
In the case of a periodic function F with period λ, that is, F(x + λ − vt) = F(x − vt), the periodicity of F in space means that a snapshot of the wave at a given time t finds the wave varying periodically in space with period λ (sometimes called the wavelength of the wave). In a similar fashion, this periodicity of F implies a periodicity in time as well: F(x − v(t + T)) = F(x − vt) provided vT = λ, so an observation of the wave at a fixed location x finds the wave undulating periodically in time with period T = λ/v.